What is the capital city of Russia?

Moscow is the capital city of Russia and has held this status since the 13th century, with a brief interruption during the move of the capital to St. Petersburg in the early 18th century under Peter the Great. The significance of Moscow as the capital is not only historical but also political and cultural; it serves as the seat of the Russian government and the location of major institutions, including the Kremlin, which is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Moscow is also recognized as the largest city in Russia and a major center for international business, arts, and education, highlighting its importance in both domestic and global contexts.

While St. Petersburg is notable for its history as the former capital and its rich cultural heritage, it is not the current capital. Novosibirsk and Kazan are significant cities in Russia, but they do not perform the role of the national capital, which is centralized in Moscow.